During the early establishment of Qiantong Village, the ancestors adhered to the Confucian philosophy of ‘unity of heaven and man’, taking a holistic approach to the construction of the village, with rational planning. They required buildings to blend harmoniously with the surrounding natural environment, advocating for an organic integration of the village in both form and function. Not only were houses and roads to be well-constructed, but also canals and wells were to be dug, utilizing the principles of Yin and Yang, Bagua, and the 64 hexagrams. Each line of the Bagua can represent a cluster of buildings in the village. The base of the Bagua corresponds to the streets and alleys, closely connected to the water channels along them, with cobblestone paths and clear water channels meandering into a network. This kind of water system layout is rarely seen in other villages.
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